Orgin Of Entrepreneurship in India

EMERGENCE OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CLASS IN INDIA

• During earlier times India’s prosperity attracted communities across boundaries

• Strategies adopted by Mughals and Turkish

Turk Mughals settled down in India and shared the prosperity. . They bought currency with them and disrupted the barter system

• Strategy of the British

Wanted to offload surplus supply due to Industrial Revolution in India to balance the demand and supply situation in U.K

Managed to acquire power and became the ruler.

Banned manufacturing in India. Sent all raw materials (cotton, oilseeds etc) to UK for conversion and value addition thus transferring wealth to UK

• 18^th Century

Indian Industry remained non started. Major thrust was on cash crops neglecting food grains resulting in severe famine.Indian Economy was dominated by British economy.

• 1920

World war prevented transfer of raw materials to Manchester. British decided to manufacture in India itself . Initiated the first Indian Industry. The Mumbai Textile Mills

• 1930s to mid 1940s

Mahatma Gandhi directed his captains to set the basic Infrastrure for Industrial and Economic development. Theses are the founder entrepreneurs of India. They developed various areas of basic infrastructure.

a)JRD Tata: Aviation, steel, railway, post & telegraph, power, roads, textile etc

b)G.D Birla-Textgile, vehicles, power, cement, chemicals, heavy industries, aluminum, cement etc

c) S. L Kirloskar-Machine tools, farm equipments, pumps etc

d) Jamnalal Baja-Two wheelers, 3 wheelers etc

• Independence 1947

British went back leaving the business to their employees/agents/market intermediaries.

• Late 1960s

Nationalisation of banks and Insurance companies made available huge funds for SSI and entrepreneurial developemt.It made investment available to common man challenging business monopoly

• 1970s to mid 1985

Emergence of new generation entrepreneurs because of funds and supporting govt policies.

Technocrats , artisans , rural craftsman, educated, uneducated youngsters created the greatest ever SSI development.

Resulted in excellent interdependence of SSI ands organized sector creating highest ever growth rate of 8.9% and very high addition to GDP.

Organised sector could expand, diversify without any direct investment and SSI could share the prosperity.

• Mid 1980s

Indian industry remained protected by license raj, permits, quotas, monopolistic market resulting into losing export and entry of cheaper better goods in gray market(Germany & Japan) resulting in worse BOP Situation and industrial sickness. Closure of several industries in organized sector.

• 1990s

Liberalisation sets reforms rolling by scrapping export regulations.Delicensing, making import and export simpler, direct FDI in all sectors, concessions for technical know-how and collaboration. Indian entrepreneurship started.

• Mid 1990s

Third generation of entrepreneurs Rahul Baja, Mahindra, Ambani, Ratan Tata, Kumarmangalam Birla proved their competencies in managing various large companies

• 2000

Indian Entrepreneurship took great leap in the global market entering in to service Industry (IT, BPO, Bio Technology, hospitality etc)